Q1. What do you mean by weather? Name the elements of weather.

Q2. What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Q3. Describe the distribution of rainfall in India.

Q4. What is meant by the phrase "Monsoon Burst" or "Breaking of Monsoons"?

Q5. Describe three characteristics of Mango Showers.

Q6. Describe the climatic conditions which prevail over India during different seasons.

Q7. Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.

Q8. What is virgin vegetation? Distinguish between endemic and exotic vegetation.

Q9. What is a Biome? Name the different biomes.

Q10. What steps have been taken by the government of India to protect flora and fauna of the country?

Q11. Distinguish between Tropical Evergreen Forest and Tropical Deciduous Forest.

Q12. Describe the distribution, characteristics and economic significance of different types if forests found in India.

Q13. What factors control the diversity and growth of flora and fauna?

Q14. Describe the medicinal plants found in India.

Q15. Which state of India has the largest population and the highest density of population?

Q16. What are the three major aspects of population study?

Q17. What is a Population Pyramid?

Q18. Find out the implications of high density of population in India.

Q19. Explain Pull and Push factors found in India.

Q20. Write a short note on defining "Census".

Q21. Define: (a) Age Composition (b) Sex-Ratio (c) Occupational Structure (d) NPP 2000.

Q22. Map work:
(a) A station getting snowfall most of the part of year.
(b) A state getting mango showers.
(c) A rain shadow area.
(d) An area getting rainfall from NE monsoons.
(e) A place getting highest rainfall in India.
(f) A desert.
(g) Nilgiri Bioreserve.
(h) An area of tidal forest.
(i) Two national parks each in Northern, Eastern, Western and Southern parts of India.
(j) State with highest density of population.
(k) State with largest population.
(l) A town with one crore population.
(m) State with highest Literacy Rate.

 

 

 

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Q2. What is migration?                                                                                                               (1)
Ans: Movement of people from one place to another; in search of livelihood is called migration.

Q12. India's climate has characteristics of tropical as well as sub-tropical climates. Justify. (3)
Ans: The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years) is called climate.
India extends from 8^o4'N to 37^o6'N latitude and Tropic of Cancer (23^o30'N) divides the country into almost two equal half's. The part lying in the south of tropic of cancer is near to equator and thus experiences tropical type of climate (i.e hot and humid). Whereas the part lying in the north of tropic of cancer experiences sub-tropical type of climate. Here the climate is characterized by wide range of temperature and rainfall. The summers are hot and winters are cool.

Q13. Mention any three characteristics of tropical rain forest.                                               (3)
Ans: Following are the characteristics of tropical rain forest (any three):
(a) The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall.
(b) Such areas are in the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu coast and the island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
(c) Areas which receive more 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for tropical rainforest.
(d) Almost all kinds of vegetation; like trees, shrubs and creepers; are found in such a forest.
(e) The forest has a multilayered structure.
(f) Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona are some of the commercially important trees of tropical rainforests.
(g) Elephants, monkey, lemur and deer are the common animals in these forests.
(h) Apart from them, a large number of birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails are also found in tropical rainforests.

Q14. What is the main cause of the rapid population growth in India? Mention any three points. (3)
Ans: Following are the major components of the rapid population growth in India:
(a) Birth rate, Death rate and Migration. Birth rate is a major component of growth because in India, birth rate is always been higher than the death rate.
(b) Due to improved medical and health facilities, death rate has been declining in India. High birth rate and declining death rate in 1980 resulted in higher rate of population growth.
(c) Migration is the third component of tge population growth in India. International migration changes the size of the population.

Q23. Explain the facts which help to understand the mechanism of the Monsoon.                   (5)
Ans: Following are the factors responsible for the mechanism of monsoon:
(a) The Sun causes differential heating and cooling of land and water. This creates low pressure on the landmass of India and high pressure over the ocean surface.
(b) The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is normally positioned about 5°N of the equator. It shifts over the Ganga plains during summer. It is also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.
(c) The high pressure area, east of Madagascar is approximately 20°S over the Indian Ocean. This area affects the Indian Monsoon.
(d) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer. This results in strong vertical air currents and formation of high pressure over the plateau. This high pressure zone is about 9 km above the sea level.
(e) The westerly jet stream move to the north of the Himalayas, and the tropical easterly jet stream moves over the Indian Peninsula during summer.
(f) The periodic change in pressure conditions between Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean that is known as the Southern Oscillation or SO also affects the monsoon.
The difference in pressure over Tahiti and Darwin is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoons. Tahiti (18°S/149°W) lies in the Pacific Ocean and Darwin (12°30'S/131°E) lies in northern Australia. If the pressure differences are negative, it means a below average and late monsoon.

Q24. Describe the factors that cause changes in the size of population.                                          (5)
Ans: Following are the factors that cause changes in the size of population
(a) High birth rate and low death rate: From 1921 to 2001 the death rate has fallen from 42.6 to 8.7 per 1000 while the birth rate has fallen from 49.2 per 1000 to 26.
(b) Poverty: poor people have to spend in the upbringing of their offsprings beside the children supplement the family income
(c) Child marriage: early marriage is a common feature in India. About 90 % of girls are married in the age group of 15 to 20 yrs
(d) Low status of women: in India women have low social status; they are treated merely as child producing machines. India is a male dominating society, where males enjoy much higher status than females.
(e) Migration: movement of population (internal and external)
(f) Low literacy rate: because of lack of education
(g) Lack of awareness: regarding population and its harms, people are not aware.

(h) Geographical Factors: Relief, Climate, Natural Resources, Soil, Water, Minerals.
(i) Social,Cultural & Economic Factors.

Q30. On the given outline map of India locate and mark.                                                                   (3)
(1) Metrological station in Maharashtra.
(2) An area of Mangrove Forest.
(3) The state of Lowest Density of Population.

Ans:

 

 

 

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Q1. Human beings can learn from plants and animals to live harmoniously with mutual co-operation. Explain.

Q2. Explain is the change in the pattern of increase in the growth of population during the period 1951-1981 and 1981-1991.

Q3. Explain any three climate controls influencing climate of India.

Q4. Describe the distribution of rich and diverse wildlife of India.

Q5. Distinguish between a national park and a wildlife sanctuary.

Q6. Explain development of 'Monsoon Trough' and it influence over rainfall distribution in India.

Q7. Describe how forests are important for human beings.

Q8. Describe various initiatives taken by the government to protect the wildlife of India?

Q9. Explain the role of NPP 2000.

Q10. Explain the following:
         (a) Sex ratio in India.
         (b) Literacy rate in India.
         (c) Population size and figure of India.

 

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Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Name the means which help to communicate with several people simultaneously.
Ans: Mass Communication.

Q2. What is compact settlement?
Ans: Compact settlements are basically found in the plains. In this type of settlement the built-up area is compact and inter-house distance is small. Here the population is more.

Q3. Write any two benefits of railways.
Ans: Following are the two benefits of railways:
(a) Railways is the fastest and the cheapest means of land transportation.
(b) Electric engines used in railways are fast and eco-friendly and don't cause pollution.

Q4. Which is the fastest but most expensive means of transport?
Ans: Airways is the fastest but most expensive means of transport.

Q5. Name any two means of personal and mass communication.
Ans: Following are the means:
(a) Personal Communication: Telephones, emails, Post, etc.
(b) Mass communication: Television, Radio, Newspaper, etc.

 

Short Answer Questions

Q6. Name the different types of settlements.
Ans:

Q7. Define the term 'Communication'.
Ans: Communication is the process of conveying messages (sending or receiving) and ideas to others. With the development of technology humans have devised new and fast modes of communication.

Q8. Which developments have changed the world into a global village?
Ans. Development in the different means of communications (i.e personal and mass communication) has changed the world into a global village.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q9. Explain the different means of transport.
Ans: The different means of transport are:

ROADWAYS
• The most commonly used means of transport are the roads. Especially, for short distances. Roads can be metalled (Pucca) and unmetalled (Kutcha).
• Roads are the best means to link the rural and urban places across the country.
• The plains have a dense network of roads because it is easy to construct roads in plain than in the mountains.

RAILWAYS
• Railways is the fastest and the cheapest means of land transportation.
• Diesel and electric engines have largely replaced the steam engines. Electric engines are fast and eco-friendly and don't cause pollution.
• Indian railway network is well developed. It is the largest in Asia.

WATERWAYS
• Waterways are the oldest and the cheapest means of transportation to carry heavy and bulky goods from one country to another.
• Waterways are mainly of two types – Inland waterways and sea routes.

AIRWAYS
• This is the fastest & most comfortable means of transportation and also the most expensive due to high cost of fuels.
• It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are extremely useful in most inaccessible areas.
• Air Services are of two types: - (1) Domestic Airways: Fly within the boundaries of a country. (2) International Airways: Fly abroad and connects major cities of the world.

Q10. Distinguish between (i) Rural and Urban Settlement (ii) Personal and Mass Communication
Ans:
(i) Rural and Urban Settlement

(ii) Personal and Mass Communication

Q11. Why do we need means of communication? What are its two categories? What is there importance?
Ans: Communication is the process of conveying messages (sending or receiving) and ideas to others. With the development of technology humans have devised new and fast modes of communication.
Two categories of communication are: Personal and Mass Communication.
Importance of communication system can hardly be over estimated. Communication systems, such as TV, radio, mobile phones, etc, are the basic necessities' of modern society. Over the last few decades, the importance of communication is being increasingly recognized the face of in disaster and its management. A number of countries have setup Disaster Management Information System according to their needs. A good and effecting communication system can help in averting and reducing the impact of disasters.

 

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Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is the present average density population of World and India?
Ans: Average density population of the world is 45 persons per sq. km. and India is 364 persons per sq. km.

Q2. Name is least populous continent of the world.
Ans: Antarctica is the least populated continent in the world.

Q3. What do you mean by the age-sex pyramid?
Ans: Age-sex pyramid also known as the Population Pyramid is a graphical representation of the age, sex composition of the population.

Q4. List out the factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population.
Ans: Factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population are:
(a) Geographical Factors: Relief, Climate, Natural Resources, Soil, Water, Minerals.
(b) Social Factors.
(c) Cultural Factors.
(d) Economic Factors.

Q5. Define the following: (a) Birth Rate (b) Death Rate (c) Human Resource.
Ans:
(a) Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 persons is called birth rate.
(b) Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1000 persons is called death rate.
(c) Human Resource: Human Resource or people are the greatest asset to a nation. Human beings use their knowledge and skill to convert natural resource into more valuable goods.

 

Short Answer Questions

Q1. How would you distinguish between productive and dependent population?
Ans:

Q2. Discuss the importance of human resource.
Ans: Human resource or people are a nation's greatest resource; they are an asset to a nation. People are important to develop the economy and society. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn a thing into 'resources'. Human beings use their knowledge and skill to convert natural resource into more valuable goods. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements. Human resources like other resources are not equally distributed over the world.

 

Long Answer Questions

Q1. Describe the various factors affecting the distribution of population in the world.
Ans: Following are the factors affecting the distribution of population in the world:
Geographical Factors:
(a) Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. The Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas of the world while mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated.
(b) Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, Polar Regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica.
(c) Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains such as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt are densely populated.
(d) Water: People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is easily available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare population.
(e) Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Diamond mines of South Africa and discovery of oil in the Middle east lead to settling of people in these areas.

Social, Cultural and Economic Factors:
(a) Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more densely populated e.g., Pune.
(b) Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance attract people. Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican City are some examples.
(c) Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities. Large number of people are attracted to these areas. Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas.

Q2. Compare the population pyramid of India and Japan. Draw your inferences.
Ans:

Q3. Some regions in India experiencing a steep decline in the sex-ratio. It is unhealthy for the society. Find out reasons and suggest ways to check it.
Ans: Number of female per 1000 male population is called sex ratio. The sex ratio in 2001 was 933 and in 2011 in were 940. Kerala has the best sex ratio (1084); while Sex ration in Gujarat is 919, Haryana (879) and Delhi (868) have the worst sex ratios.
Steep decline in the sex-ratio is a serious threat to the nation. Following are some of the reasons of decline in the sex-ratio:
(a) Girls in India are taken as a liability, one day she will get married and leave the house; Parents have to pay a huge dowry.
(b) Safety and security is a great concern for family.
(c) India is a male dominated country.
(d) Female Feticide, girl child are killed before her birth.
(e) Females often face Malnutrition, leading to ill health.

Steps that can be taken to improve the sex-ratio in India:
(a) People should be educated. Every Indian should change their mindset. Girls are not burden but they are the blessings of the almighty.
(b) Equal rights to male and females.
(c) Female Feticide should be completely banned.
(d) Education for girls.
(e) Nutritious food to be provided.
(f) Every male should respect females in all aspects.
(g) Government of India should take serious steps for the overall development of females.

Q4. China has greater population than India, but has less population density as a whole, while compared to India. Why?
Ans:

Comparing the data between India and China, area wise China is approximately three times bigger than India, whereas Population wise India's is little less than China, making India more densely populated country than China.

 

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