Q2. What is migration?                                                                                                               (1)
Ans: Movement of people from one place to another; in search of livelihood is called migration.

Q12. India's climate has characteristics of tropical as well as sub-tropical climates. Justify. (3)
Ans: The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years) is called climate.
India extends from 8o4'N to 37o6'N latitude and Tropic of Cancer (23o30'N) divides the country into almost two equal half's. The part lying in the south of tropic of cancer is near to equator and thus experiences tropical type of climate (i.e hot and humid). Whereas the part lying in the north of tropic of cancer experiences sub-tropical type of climate. Here the climate is characterized by wide range of temperature and rainfall. The summers are hot and winters are cool.

Q13. Mention any three characteristics of tropical rain forest.                                               (3)
Ans: Following are the characteristics of tropical rain forest (any three):
(a) The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall.
(b) Such areas are in the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu coast and the island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
(c) Areas which receive more 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for tropical rainforest.
(d) Almost all kinds of vegetation; like trees, shrubs and creepers; are found in such a forest.
(e) The forest has a multilayered structure.
(f) Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona are some of the commercially important trees of tropical rainforests.
(g) Elephants, monkey, lemur and deer are the common animals in these forests.
(h) Apart from them, a large number of birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails are also found in tropical rainforests.

Q14. What is the main cause of the rapid population growth in India? Mention any three points. (3)
Ans: Following are the major components of the rapid population growth in India:
(a) Birth rate, Death rate and Migration. Birth rate is a major component of growth because in India, birth rate is always been higher than the death rate.
(b) Due to improved medical and health facilities, death rate has been declining in India. High birth rate and declining death rate in 1980 resulted in higher rate of population growth.
(c) Migration is the third component of tge population growth in India. International migration changes the size of the population.

Q23. Explain the facts which help to understand the mechanism of the Monsoon.                   (5)
Ans: Following are the factors responsible for the mechanism of monsoon:
(a) The Sun causes differential heating and cooling of land and water. This creates low pressure on the landmass of India and high pressure over the ocean surface.
(b) The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is normally positioned about 5°N of the equator. It shifts over the Ganga plains during summer. It is also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.
(c) The high pressure area, east of Madagascar is approximately 20°S over the Indian Ocean. This area affects the Indian Monsoon.
(d) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer. This results in strong vertical air currents and formation of high pressure over the plateau. This high pressure zone is about 9 km above the sea level.
(e) The westerly jet stream move to the north of the Himalayas, and the tropical easterly jet stream moves over the Indian Peninsula during summer.
(f) The periodic change in pressure conditions between Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean that is known as the Southern Oscillation or SO also affects the monsoon.
The difference in pressure over Tahiti and Darwin is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoons. Tahiti (18°S/149°W) lies in the Pacific Ocean and Darwin (12°30'S/131°E) lies in northern Australia. If the pressure differences are negative, it means a below average and late monsoon.

Q24. Describe the factors that cause changes in the size of population.                                          (5)
Ans: Following are the factors that cause changes in the size of population
(a) High birth rate and low death rate: From 1921 to 2001 the death rate has fallen from 42.6 to 8.7 per 1000 while the birth rate has fallen from 49.2 per 1000 to 26.
(b) Poverty: poor people have to spend in the upbringing of their offsprings beside the children supplement the family income
(c) Child marriage: early marriage is a common feature in India. About 90 % of girls are married in the age group of 15 to 20 yrs
(d) Low status of women: in India women have low social status; they are treated merely as child producing machines. India is a male dominating society, where males enjoy much higher status than females.
(e) Migration: movement of population (internal and external)
(f) Low literacy rate: because of lack of education
(g) Lack of awareness: regarding population and its harms, people are not aware.

(h) Geographical Factors: Relief, Climate, Natural Resources, Soil, Water, Minerals.
(i) Social,Cultural & Economic Factors.

Q30. On the given outline map of India locate and mark.                                                                   (3)
(1) Metrological station in Maharashtra.
(2) An area of Mangrove Forest.
(3) The state of Lowest Density of Population.

Ans:

 

 

 

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