Q1. What do you mean by the age-sex pyramid?
Ans: Age-sex pyramid is a graphical representation of the age, sex composition of the population. It is also known as the Population Pyramid.

Q2. Define Census.
Ans: The official collection of population data by all means is known as Census. This is conducted once in ten years. Currently, we are following 2011 census. In 1872, first population census of India was conducted. The Census of India 2011 is the fifteenth census starting from1872 and the seventh since independence.

Q3. Define the following:        (a) Birth Rate        (b) Death Rate        (c) Natural Growth Rate
(d) Density of Population        (e) Migrations
Ans: (a) Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 persons is called birth rate.
(b) Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1000 persons is called death rate.
(c) Natural Growth Rate: Births and deaths are the natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.
(d) Density of Population: Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth's surface. It is normally expressed as per square km. The average density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per square km.
(e) Migrations: Movement of people from one place to another; in search of livelihood is called migration. Migration can be classified into two:
     (i) Emigrants are people who leave a country.
     (ii) Immigrants are those who arrive in a country.

Q4. List out the factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population.
Ans: Factors responsible for the rapid growth of world population are:
(a) Geographical Factors: Relief, Climate, Natural Resources, Soil, Water, Minerals.
(b) Social Factors.
(c) Cultural Factors.
(d) Economic Factors.

Q5. What is age structure or age composition?
Ans: Number of people in different age groups in country is called age structure or age composition of the population. Population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories:
(a) Children (Below 15 years of age): Economically unproductive and needs to be provided with the necessities of life (food, cloth, education, etc.)
(b) Working age (15 – 59 years): Economically and biologically productive
(c) Aged (Above 59 years of age): They can be economically productive even after retirement.

Q6. What are the three major aspects of population study?
Ans: The three major questions to be answered when we study about population are:
(a) Population Size and Distribution.
(b) Population Growth and Process of Population Change.
(c) Characteristics or qualities of the population.

Q7. Discuss the importance of human resource.
Ans: Human resource or people are a nation's greatest resource; they are an asset to a nation. People are important to develop the economy and society. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn a thing into 'resources'. Human beings use their knowledge and skill to convert natural resource into more valuable goods. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements. Human resources like other resources are not equally distributed over the world.

Q8. How would you distinguish between productive and dependent population?
Ans:

Q9. Compare the population pyramid of India and Japan. Draw your inferences.
Ans:

Q10. Some regions in India experiencing a steep decline in the sex-ratio. It is unhealthy for the society. Find out reasons and suggest ways to check it.
Ans: Number of female per 1000 male population is called sex ratio. The sex ratio in 2001 was 933 and in 2011 in were 940. Kerala has the best sex ratio (1084); while Sex ration in Gujarat is 919, Haryana (879) and Delhi (868) have the worst sex ratios.
Steep decline in the sex-ratio is a serious threat to the nation. Following are some of the reasons of decline in the sex-ratio:
(a) Girls in India are taken as a liability, one day she will get married and leave the house; Parents have to pay a huge dowry.
(b) Safety and security is a great concern for family.
(c) India is a male dominated country.
(d) Female Feticide, girl child are killed before her birth.
(e) Females often face Malnutrition, leading to ill health.

Steps that can be taken to improve the sex-ratio in India:
(a) People should be educated. Every Indian should change their mindset. Girls are not burden but they are the blessings of the almighty.
(b) Equal rights to male and females.
(c) Female Feticide should be completely banned.
(d) Education for girls.
(e) Nutritious food to be provided.
(f) Every male should respect females in all aspects.
(g) Government of India should take serious steps for the overall development of females.

 

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Q1. Define the term: (a) Manufacturing     (b) Industry.
Ans: (a) Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more valuable products is called "Manufacturing".

(b) Industry: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

Q2. Which Indian city is known as "The Manchester of India"?
Ans: Ahmedabad city is known as "The Manchester of India"

Q3. List out the physical and human factors of industrial location.
Ans: Physical Factors: Land, water, power, raw material, etc.
Human Factors: Capital, labour, policies, market, technology, transportation, communication, etc.

Q4. What do you mean by information technology?
Ans: The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information through Radio, Television, Telephones, Cellular Phones, Computers, Laptops, etc.

Q5. Manufacturing industries are important for the economic development of the country, discuss.
Ans: Following are importance of manufacturing industries for the economic development of the country:
(a) Industrial growth helps in modernizing the agricultural activities by providing machinery, chemicals, irrigation facilities, insecticides, pesticides, etc.
(b) Industrial growth helps in reducing the unemployment and poverty.
(c) Industrial growth can earn foreign exchange by exporting the finished goods and thus, can expand its trade and commerce.
(d) Industrial growth helps in improving the standard of living of the people.

Q6. Enlist the four mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of industrial accidents.
Ans: Following are the mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of industrial accidents:
(a) Densely populated residential areas should be separated far away from the industrial areas.
(b) People staying in the surrounding area of industries should be aware of the storage of toxins or hazardous substances and their possible effects in case if any accident occurs.
(c) Fire warning and fighting system should be improved.
(d) Storage capacity of toxic substances should be limited.
(e) Pollution dispersion qualities in the industries should be improved.

Q7. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry in Bangaluru.
Ans: Following are the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry in Bangaluru:
(a) Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau from where it gets the name 'Silicon Plateau'.
(b) The city is known for its mild climate throughout the year. Pleasant weather, low cost of living, makes it an ideal place for living.
(c) Good transport facility, availability of skilled and experienced professionals.
(d) The city has many leading educational institutes.
(e) More than 100 multinational and software companies have established their business.
(f) The government of Karnataka was the first to sanction the establishment of IT industry.

Q8. Discuss the locational advantages for the development of the cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad.
Ans: Following are the locational advantages for the development of cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad:
(a) Located in Gujarat on the banks of the Sabarmati River.
(b) Situated very close to cotton growing area. Raw material is easy availability.
(c) The climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.
(d) The flat terrain and easy availability of land is suitable for the establishment of the mills.
(e) The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra provide both skilled and semi-skilled labour.
(f) Well developed road and railway network permits easy transportation of textiles to different parts of the country, thus providing easy access to the market.
(g) Mumbai and Kandla ports nearby facilitates import of machinery and export of cotton textiles.

Q9. Compare and contrast the development of the iron and steel industry in Pittsburgh and in Jamshedpur.
Ans: Iron and Steel Industry in Pittsburgh:
(a) Pittsburgh is an important steel city of the United States of America. City is also known as "Iron City"
(b) In mid 19th century processing of Iron began in Pittsburgh.
(c) Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while the iron ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh. Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world's best routes for shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway. Trains carry the ore from the Great Lakes to the Pittsburgh area.
(d) The Ohio, the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate water supply.
(e) Pittsburgh has a favourable topography, temperate climate, skilled labour and market, which make this place favourable for the development of Iron & Steel industry.

Iron and Steel Industry in Jamshedpur:
(a) Before 1947, there was only one iron and steel plant in the country – Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO).
(b) TISCO was started in 1907 by Jamshedji N. Tata at Sakchi in the Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, but the production started in 1910. Later on Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur.
(c) Sakchi was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
(d) The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.
(e) Government initiatives lead to rapid industrial growth in India.

Q10. Draw a flow chart to explain the classification of industries.
Ans:

 

 

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1. Agriculture is:
(a) Primary Activity
(b) Secondary Activity
(c) Tertiary Activity
(d) None of the above

2. Slash and burn practice of agriculture is also known as:
(a) Intensive Farming
(b) Extensive Farming
(c) Shifting Farming
(d) Nomadic Farming

3. Which is also known as golden fiber?
(a) Cotton
(b) Wheat
(c) Silk
(d) Jute

4. The two most important staple food crops of the world are ................... and ..................
(a) Ragi & Bajra
(b) Tea & Coffee
(c) Rice & Wheat
(d) Millets & Maize

5. It is also known as "Monoculture", i.e. single crop grown over a large area.
(a) Commercial Grain Farming
(b) Plantation Farming
(c) Multiple Farming
(d) Mixed Farming

6. Out of the following which is not a cropping season of India?
(a) Zaid
(b) Kharif
(c) Kaffir
(d) Rabi

7. Which one is not a millet crop?
(a) Jowar
(b) Ragi
(c) Wheat
(d) Bajra

8. The type of agriculture practiced in India is:
(a) Intensive Farming
(b) Extensive Farming
(c) Primitive Farming
(d) Mixed Farming

9. The word "Agriculture" has been derived from two ...................... Words.
(a) German
(b) American
(c) Latin
(d) Arabic

10. Cultivation of grapes is also known as ..................
(a) Viticulture
(b) Horticulture
(c) Sericulture
(d) Pisciculture

11. Seasonal migration of people with their animals is called
(a) Farmers
(b) Jhumming
(c) Transhumance
(d) Labours

12. Classification of Commercial farming (which is not correct)
(a) Commercial Grain Farming
(b) Plantation Farming
(c) Multiple Farming
(d) Mixed Farming

13. Factors Influencing the Crop Cultivation:
(a) Temperature
(b) Fertile Soil
(c) Rainfall
(d) All of these

14. Growing vegetables, flowers, fruits and decorative plants for commercial use is known as
(a) Viticulture
(b) Horticulture
(c) Sericulture
(d) Pisciculture

15. ...................... is grown in winter. It requires rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest.
(a) Rice
(b) Watermelon
(c) Wheat
(d) Bajra

16. The land on which crops are grown is known as
(a) Arable Land
(b) Wet Land
(c) Dry Land
(d) None of these

17. Jhumming, Ladang, Milap, Roca & Ray are also known as
(a) Intensive Farming
(b) Commercial Farming
(c) Nomadic Farming
(d) Shifting Farming

18. .................... requires high temperature, light rainfall, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine.
(a) Jute
(b) Cotton
(c) Tea
(d) Coffee

19. In .............. farming the land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.
(a) Intensive Farming
(b) Plantation Farming
(c) Primitive Farming
(d) Mixed Farming

20. Tea is a ...................... crop
(a) Fiber Crop
(b) Food Crop
(c) Beverage Crop
(d) Industrial Crop

 

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